ABSTRACT
The behavioral effects of intravrnticular 1-micronl injections of adrenaline and noradrenaline (both in a concentration of 30 nmol/micronl) were wxamined in pigeons bearing cannule chronically implanted into the lateral ventricles. Injections of either catcholoamine evoked immediate and intense bouts of feeding behavior, followed by long-lasting incrases in sleep duration (50-90% higher than vehicle-treated subjects) in pigeons given free access to food during the observation period. Pigeons treated with adrenaline or vehicle only, and placed in a cage without the feeder set (food-deprived durngi the observation period), exhibited late increases in exploratory and preening behaviors, and less sleep than controls (vehicle-treated pigeons with free access to food). These data suggest that post-prandial sleep in this situation may represent a by-product of feeding-related processes evoked by both catecholamines
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Behavior, Animal/drug effects , Epinephrine/physiology , Norepinephrine/physiology , Columbidae , Exploratory Behavior , Feeding Behavior , Epinephrine/administration & dosage , Grooming/drug effects , Injections, Intraventricular , Norepinephrine/administration & dosage , Pharmaceutical Vehicles/administration & dosage , Sleep/drug effectsABSTRACT
1. A stereotaxic technique for electrode positioning in the telencephalic nuclei of the Siamese Fighting fish (Beta splendens) is described. 2. The forebrain atlas was based on paraffin-embedded, in situ-sectioned, Nissl-stained material. Brain measurements were corrected for tissue shrinkage due to histological procedures. The atlas and methods have aledy been tested and have shown good accuracy and reproducibility